GenProp0163 |
valine biosynthesis from pyruvate~The branched amino acid valine is biosynthesized from the central intermediary metabolite pyruvate via a four step pathway. All four enzymes in this pathway are common to the pathways for the biosynthesis of isoleucine from 2-oxobutyrate and leucine from pyruvate, although specialized versions of these enzymes may exist in certain species which have a narrowed substrate range or amino acid-specific regulatory mechanisms. The product of the third step in this pathway, 2-oxoisovalerate is a branchpoint metabolite required for the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A, branched-chain fatty acids, and leucine. Similarly, the product of the first step, (S)-2-acetolactate is common to the pathway to (R,R)-2,3-butanediol in the mixed-acid fermentation of pyruvate. The first step of the pathway, acetolactate synthase, requires thiamine pyrophosphate and two molecules of pyruvate, one of which is decarboxylated to the acetoacetate adduct, 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)-ThPP [1]. |
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