GenProp0457 |
rhamnose catabolism~L-rhamnose, (aka 6-deoxy-L-mannose) is a common sugar synthesized and utilized in oligosaccharides and glcyolipids by many bacteria [2]. The monosaccharide is available in various environments and thus regulatory, transport and enzymatic systems have also evolved for its breakdown and use as a carbon source. The system modeled here includes specific transporters, ketose-aldose isomerases, kinases, and aldolases which result in the production of lactaldehyde and glycerone-phosphate. As these genes are generally organized into operons, assignments can be made for regulatory components as well as transport and enzymatic components which, by homology alone, cannot be assigned a specific substrate. Certain of the enzymes in this system are similar enough to cognate enzymes in the fucose catabolism system (GenProp0458) as to have caused gene naming errors in the past (i.e. fuculokinase/rhamnokinase). The system in certain rhizobial species [1] has been reported to vary from the canonical pathway in that the sugar may be phosphorylated prior to isomerization (i.e. the rhamnulokinase may in fact be a rhamnokinase and the rhamnose isomerase may be a rhamnose-1-phosphate isomerase), although this has not yet been independantly verified. In addition to the characterized rhamnose:proton symporter [3], rhamnose catabolism operons contain transporters from the ABC, and major facilitator families. Regulators are generally members of the DeoR and AraC [4] families. The product of both rhamnose and fucose catabolism is lactaldehyde, and subsequently alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases are often present in those operons to convert it to either 1,2-propane diol or lactate depending on oxidation conditions [5]. Rhamnose operons also often contain an epimerase (mutarotase) enzyme which has been proposed to be essential unly under limiting L-rhamnose conditions [6]. Partial rhamnose catabolism operons have been detected in Thermotoga species which appear to handle the import and cleavage of rhamnose-containing oligosaccharides. |
False - {{f}} |
True - {{t}} |
Unexpected presence |
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